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Document Details : Title: Jacques le Juste et son Épitre (Première partie) Author(s): NODET, Étienne Journal: Revue Biblique Volume: 116 Issue: 3 Date: 2009 Pages: 415-439 DOI: 10.2143/RBI.116.3.3206434 Abstract : Quelle est l’origine de l’épître de Jacques? Les objections classiques à son authenticité peuvent être levées non pas d’après son contenu, mais en étudiant la personnalité exceptionnelle de Jacques le Juste, «frère du Seigneur», qui attendait un Messie fils de David imminent. Chef ou «évêque» des nazoréens et populaire en Judée, il a perçu un enjeu de la mission de Pierre et Paul et l’a couverte, mais sans s’y joindre. Son exécution en a fait un martyr, dont la silhouette se dégage à partir des récits rapportés par Josèphe et Eusèbe; ainsi, les Actes en font un personnage central, à la fois bien visible et sous-jacent. Son renom a largement dépassé le cercle nazoréen, et l’on montre qu’un texte de Qumrân l’a reconnu comme «maître de Justice». Where does the Epistle of James come from? The usual objections against its genuineness as it stands can be removed, not by scrutinizing its content, but by studying the outstanding personality of James the Righteous, «brother of the Lord», who was expecting the Messiah to come soon. A leader or «bishop» of the Nazoreans, he was renowned in Judaea. In spite of his remaining strictly Jewish, he was able to discern the importance of the mission of Peter and Paul, but without joining it. Legally killed by a Sadducean high priest, he was deemed to be a martyr, as the accounts given by Josephus and Eusebius show. Thus he became a major character in Acts, both on the stage and in the background. His fame grew well beyond the Nazorean faction, and one of the DSS styles him as a «Teacher of Righteousness». |
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