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Document Details : Title: The Magnetic Method Applied to Pre- and Early Dynastic Sites Subtitle: Hierakonpolis Case Study Author(s): HERBICH, Tomasz , FRIEDMAN, Renée F. Journal: Archéo-Nil Volume: 35 Date: 2025 Pages: 133-157 DOI: 10.2143/ANI.35.0.3294884 Abstract : This paper summarizes the results of the magnetic surveys conducted at Pre- and Early Dynastic site of Hierakonpolis in Upper Egypt over the past 20 years (1998-2018). The geophysical research was carried out using fluxgate gradiometers. In total, 10 hectares were surveyed at three different locations across the desert site (HK6, HK11, HK24/HK27). Subsequent excavations have led to the discovery of a number of structures as a result of the surveys, demonstrating the usefulness of the magnetic method for detecting areas of an industrial, settlement and mortuary nature. The results of the survey at the HK6 elite cemetery mainly reflected the damage inflicted by looting; however, analysis of the magnetic map has revealed the location of at least three bricklined graves, one of which was later explored. The method also detected fragmentary indications of the remains of above-ground mortuary structures, leading to their subsequent excavation. At locality HK11C, high intensity anomalies were shown to correspond to well-preserved brewery installations – the earliest in Egypt – as well as pottery kilns and meat cooking establishments. These discoveries have radically redefined our understanding of this locality, allowing us to consider it a specialised zone for food preparation linked to the funerary rituals at the nearby elite cemetery. The recent survey also produced readings that appear to relate to the foundation trenches for large wood-post structures. The anomalies detected in the north-eastern part of HK11 have been interpreted as fireplaces, domestic hearths and refuse pits, suggesting this area was once an area of domestic habitation. The distribution of the anomalies was also useful in defining the extent of this occupation zone. Measurements near the Enclosure of Khasekhemwy (HK24/HK27) led to the detection of several more brewing installations and provided information on the geomorphology of the area. In addition, it revealed the location of a large pit that was likely used in brick manufacture for the construction of Khasekhemwy’s monument. The research in Hierakonpolis is a good example of how, as a cooperative effort, the information provided by geophysical surveys can be used by archaeologists to improve the efficiency and success of the excavation process, and how the results of these excavations can provide the verification necessary for the correct interpretation of geophysical images. |
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