Period of Residence as a Factor in Language Maintenance:  Hungarian-English Bilinguals in Australia as a Case Study

CLYNE, Michael; FERNANDEZ, Sue

Document Details :

Title: Period of Residence as a Factor in Language Maintenance
Subtitle: Hungarian-English Bilinguals in Australia as a Case Study
Author(s): CLYNE, Michael , FERNANDEZ, Sue
Journal: ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Volume: 150 Date: 2005
Pages: 1-18
DOI: 10.2143/ITL.150.0.2004370

Abstract :
This paper explores 'period of residence' as a factor in the maintenance of an immigrant language, based on the example of the Hungarian in Australia. Hugarian speakers arrived in Australia from differnece source countries including Hungary, Romania (Transylvania), and areas of the formers Yugoslavia (Vojvodina) and Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). The distinct waves of Hungarian speaking migrants to Australia - 1938-40; 1947-54; 1956-56; 1960s, 70s and 80s; and 1990s - reflect the close connection between sociopolitical events and immigrant source countries for speakers of Hungarian.
The data for the study comprises interviews with 22 families, encompassing all vintages and source countries noted above, supplemented by two focus groups. The study demonstrates that 'period of residence' interacts with a number of ther factors, notably country of origin, reasons for migration, and the prevailing attitudes and policies towards the reception and integration of immigrants in the host country at the time. It highlights the contradictory and ambivalnet effects on language maintenance of situation of multiple identity and individual responses to conflict situations.